News: 2.5 billion people, nukes and missiles. What could go wrong?

It's a frightening prospect, India and China going to war.The countries are home to 2.5 billion people, a long and sometimes disputed border -- which they've fought wars over -- and each have nuclear weapons.And India announced last month it successfully tested the Agni-V intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), which could theoretically deliver a nuke to Beijing.Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi tweeted the accomplishment "makes every Indian proud."But some in China see the test as a provocation. And provocations can make the region less stable, which can lead to hostilities, says Victor Gao, the director of the China National Association of International Studies."To contemplate a war, especially involving involving nuclear weapons, against each other is completely ludicrous," Gao told CNN. "And it's a misallocation of resources."Hua Chunying, a spokeswoman for China's Foreign Ministry, responded to a question about the missile launch by noting UN Security Council regulations regarding nuclear capable ballistic missiles and stressing that the two countries "are not rivals for competition but partners for cooperation."An Indian Foreign Ministry spokesman responded by telling CNN that its "strategic capabilities are not targeted against any particular country," and that the country abides by its international obligationsBut not everyone shares such a sanguine view of the Sino-Indian relationship."Everyone should be interested in and concerned about India's successful ICBM test, inc(luding) China because it's within range of this new missile and because it especially of the major Asian countries understands the dangers of nationalism and itsvolatility," says Yvonne Chiu, a professor of at Hong Kong University.'Precisely ambiguous'India and China both maintain what's called a "no first use" policy as part of their nuclear doctrine.The policy means exactly what it sounds like -- in the event of a war, the country won't use nuclear weapons unless they're attacked by an enemy using nuclear weapons.But India's hawkish defense minister, Manohar Parrikar, publicly mused in November whether India should be bound by the "no first use" policy."If a written down policy exists, or you take a stand on a nuclear aspect, I think you are truly giving away your strength in nuclear," Parrikar said. "Why should I bind myself? I should say I'm a responsible nuclear power and I will not use it irresponsibly."It's important to note that Parrikar said those were his personal opinions, and that India's nuclear doctrine was not changing.And he made those comments in November, after tensions with Pakistan were on the rise due to unrest in KashmirBut Parrikar isn't the only one in India questioning the "no first use" doctrine."Nuclear deterrence is a curious thing -- it succeeds when it creates doubts in the mindof the adversary state, and doubt is created in the nuclear realm by being precisely ambiguous about your intentions, your capabilities and about the possibilities of its use," said Bharat Karnad​,​ a professor of national security studies at the Indian Centre for Policy Research."We are far too certain about our retaliatory strike certainties. It's not the kind of certainty you'd like your adversaries to believe, primarily because it undermines your own deterrent posture."It could be all smoke and mirrors -- what better way to publicly sow doubt about your intentions than to publicly muse about changing them, but in private, stay committed to"no first use."​But any ambiguity doesn't look great from China's position.What would you do if southern neighbor, which you fought a war against in the 1970s, starts beating nationalist drums and gives mixed messages on whether or not they'll fire a nuke first in a war?"In today's world, to position yourself in terms of a nuclear strike against your neighbor is the wrong policy. And therefore I'm a little bit frightened and disappointed by this kind of high-level of excitement in India about the new ICBM capability," Gao said.Keeping enemies closer?Indian Prime Minister Modi has made rapprochement a staple of his China policy since he took officeModi and Chinese President Xi Jinping met early at the start of the Indian leader's premiership in 2014. The two sides spoke glowingly of what the countries could accomplish by working together.Gao, who was Deng Xiapoing's translator, believes Modi has done a good job engaging with China.But just because trade and diplomatic ties are strengthened doesn't preclude India from trying to catch up to China militarily."There are long-standing tensions and ongoing disputes between the two countries, and one possible path to better relations is to come at it from a position of relative strength, particularly if the increased strength in question is both a genuine threat (nuclear capability)," Chiu, the professor at HKU, told CNN in an email.The elephant in the roomPakistan is the big wild card.The country, which boasts its own nuclear arsenal, is India's historic adversary and considered an "all-weather" friend of China.Those relationships form a double-edged sword, analysts say.On the one hand, it offers India an excuse for building up its missile systems that doesn't involve China, so "both sides can continue relations without the sense one of them has suddenly been put under undue pressure," Chiu says.